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EX4 listening

ffice:smarttags" />Britain's next PM promises different kind of gov.fficeffice" />

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Britons can expect a new style of government when Gordon Brown takes over from Prime Minister Tony Blair next month. That is the promise Mr. Brown has made to a country  eager to see government trust rebuilt. For VOA, Tom Rivers reports from London. 

Having secured the backing of the vast ________ of Labour politicians in parliament, Gordon Brown will become the next British prime minister, without a runoff party election.

He will simply succeed Tony Blair on June 27 when, after a decade in office, Mr. Blair will step down.

Speaking in London, Mr. Brown, the country's ________ finance minister, said he it will be an honor to lead the nation.

"I am truly humbled that so many of my ________ have nominated me for the leadership of the Labour Party and I formally accept the nomination, the responsibility it brings and the opportunity to serve the people of Britain," he said.

A lot has happened during the last 10 years under Mr. Blair's leadership, and Gordon Brown will inherit a demoralized and unpopular Labour Party lagging far behind the ________ Conservatives in the polls.

But Mr. Brown promises change and a new ________.

"I will lead a new government with new priorities," he said. "I believe government only works when it is dedicated to serving the people. I will always try to put your concerns and aspirations at the heart of what I do. I will work hard for you. This is who I am."

Brown said he will not announce any ________in London's relationship with Washington, despite widespread public disquiet in Britain over Mr. Blair's unwavering support for the president on Iraq.

In Washington, Prime Minister Blair met with President Bush at the White House where they later held a ________ news conference.

Mr. Blair congratulated Gordon Brown on his landslide victory in Labour Party backing.

"Having signed Gordon's nomination forms and nominated him as leader, of course I wish him well and I believe he will make a great prime minister, and I know he believes in the relationship with America too," he said.

________ about what kind of relationship he might have with Mr. Brown, President Bush said he expects a smooth transition.

"I hope to help him in office the way Tony Blair helped me," he said. "________ president, Tony Blair came over, he reached out, he was gracious and was able to converse in a way where our shared interests were the most important aspect of the relationship. I would hope I would provide the same opportunities for Gordon Brown. I met him. Thought he was a good fellow."

Gordon Brown says he will ________the country during the next six weeks to better understand the challenges that lie ahead. During much of that time, Mr. Blair will be traveling overseas.

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EX 1

1. _____ Jay Chou hums or sings, his fans love him and his songs.

A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. No matter

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2. The harder your course work, ______.

A. the less you'll have free time

B. you'll have less free time

C. the less free time will you have

D. the less free time you'll have

3. Fortunately, the illness is fully treatable if _____ within ten days.

A. being found B. find C. to be found D. found

4. Tom ______ quiet and no one else would have known about the mistake.

A. could have kept B. could keep

C. should keep D. must have kept

5. ______ our money, but we were nearly killed.

A. Not only we lost B. Not only did we lose

C. We not only lost D. Not only we had lost

EX2

She leads Harvard

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HISTORIANS usually just study great things that happened in the past time, but Drew Faust has made history! On February 11, 2007, Faust was named president of ffice:smarttags" />laceName w:st="on">HarvardlaceName> laceType w:st="on">UniversitylaceType>. She is the first woman to hold the position in the school's 371-year history.

"I am a historian," she said. "I've spent a lot of time thinking about the past, and about how it shapes the future. No university in the country, perhaps the world, has as remarkable (·Ç·²µÄ)¡¡a past as Harvard's.

"And our shared enterprise (ÊÂÒµ) is to make Harvard's future even more remarkable ______ its past. That will mean recognizing and building on what we already do well. It will also mean ______[recognize] what we don't do as well as we should, and not being satisfied until we find ways to do better."

It is her great desire ______improvement (¸Ä½ø) and willlingness (ÒâÔ¸) to try out new ideas ______ have given Drew success in a world dominated (Ö§Åä) by men.¡¡"This is a man's world, my girl, and the sooner you learn that, the better off you'll be." Drew Faust recalls her mother telling her this when she was young, but she didn't buy it.¡¡

Faust, 59, a scholar of the US Civil War (ÃÀ¹úÄϱ±Õ½Õù), heads a research center at Harvard University.

Faust grew up in a well-off family in Virginia's Shenandoah Valley in the 1950s. Even then, she was a trailblazer (ÏÈÇý). A conversation (̸»°) with her family's black handyman (Á㹤) and driver inspired (¼¤·¢) her to write a letter, on school notebook paper, to President Dwight Eisenhower.

She asked that he help bring US citizens together in the south, a very divided part of the country at the time.

"Drew Faust is a historian with her eyes on the future," said Susan Graham, a professor of Harvard. Many of the university's schools said that they believe Harvard will have a brighter future under the leadership of Drew Faust.

About laceName w:st="on">HarvardlaceName> laceType w:st="on">UniversitylaceType>

Founded in 1636, laceName w:st="on">HarvardlaceName> laceType w:st="on">UniversitylaceType> is the oldest institution of higher education in the United States. It is a worldwide leader in education and research. It has colleges and schools ______nine major fields in the arts and sciences: business, design, divinity (Éñѧ), education, government, law, medicine, and public health. It also has an array of (Ò»Åú) museums, research centers, and the largest university library system in the world.

Former president

Drew Faust's predecessor (Ç°ÈÎ) is Lawrence Summers. He¡¡resigned (´ÇÖ°) last June after five years as president of Harvard University. He sparked an uproar¡¡(ɧ¶¯) at a conference in 2005, when discussing possible reasons for the small number of women in top jobs in science and mathematics. He suggested that one area that should be considered was the possibility of biological differences between men and women. He later apologized ______his comments.

EX3ÍêÐÎÌî¿Õ

I know that it's hard to devote enough time to class and to social efforts. But, I wanted to succeed in both. I knew this would be a 31 but didn't realize how much until classes began.

I 32 on well with the other girls who lived in my dorm. Often, 33 finishing my homework before it was 34 to hand in, I went upstairs and had ice cream with my neighbor. I 35 finished it the next day between classes. But I knew it wasn't very good and the 36 I received showed my lack of 37 .

I realized that I needed to find some sort of 38 .

So, the next day I created a 39 that would 40 my time up between going to class, doing homework, and relaxing. It seemed like a good idea, 41 I was only able to 42 it for a few days. A schedule like that had too much 43 .

So I tried another plan. This one 44 lists and common sense. Each week I made a list of 45 I had to get done during that week and by which day I had to have it done. Then, 46 the list of things I had to get done, I made a list of things I could do if I had the time.

This is the 47 I have used since then. Now, I have started my senior year and I feel time is 48 . Scheduling my time has become more challenging, but I continue to do it.

My cousins, who are now in college, tell me that there are a lot of books to read by yourself and many different things to do, with various people and organizations. So I'm 49 that I've learned to balance things and it has helped 50 me for what is to come after graduation.

31. A. disaster B. challenge C. trouble D. competition

32. A. kept B. caught C. took D. got

33. A. as well as B. in order to

C. instead of D. not only

34. A. point B. late C. ready D. time

35. A. seldom B. always C. hardly D. never

36. A. degree B. rank C. grade D. title

37. A. intelligence B. confidence C. exercise D. effort

38. A. balance B. skill C. change D. improvement

39. A. form B. timetable C. method D. system

40. A. average B. arrange C. divide D. organize

41. A. and B. but C. so D. then

42. A. accept B. collect C. follow D. insist

43. A. pressure B. influence C. question D. doubt

44. A. provided B. included C. formed D. needed

45. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything

46. A. under B. among C. from D. with

47. A. skill B. method C. experience D. way

48. A. important B. valuable C. limited D. up

49. A. glad B. convinced C. sure D. ungrateful

50. A. enable B. prepare C. practise D. equip

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EX4 listening

ffice:smarttags" />Hollywood's images of smoking encourage teens to light up

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Filmmakers in Hollywood produce hundreds of films each year and audiences around the world watch them. In many films, characters smoke cigarettes and other forms of tobacco. In the past, researchers have documented how adolescents in the United States are influenced by watching those images of smoking on the screen.They found that kids who watch many movies where characters smoke are more likely to try smoking themselves.

Dr. James Sargent, a researcher with laceName w:st="on">DartmouthlaceName> laceType w:st="on">UniversitylaceType> laceName w:st="on">MedicallaceName> laceType w:st="on">SchoollaceType> in New Hampshire, says those research findings are strong and consistent, but he says that many people are skeptical when they hear that movies might contribute to adolescent smoking. "How can movies be responsible for a third of adolescent smoking when there's only, you know, 30 seconds to a minute of smoking in every movie? So what we wanted to do with this study was really scale the exposure for people so that they understood how much exposure kids really get when it comes to seeing these actors modeling smoking on the big screen."

Sargent and some international colleagues counted how often images of smoking were seen by adolescents. They watched about 500 popular movies and counted the images of smoking in each. Then they multiplied that number of images by the number of adolescents estimated to have seen the films. They estimate that billions of images of smoking in American films that are seen by kids around the world.

"So it is a big international problem to the extent that American movie companies are exporting smoking in youth-rated movies, the kids in other countries are seeing the smoking, and it's positioning smoking as something they want to do," he concludes.

Sargent says almost nothing else compares with smoking in terms of public health problems around the world. Millions of people die annually of diseases caused by smoking: lung and other cancers, heart disease and respiratory diseases. Sargent says many of those people started smoking during their adolescent years.

"We've already shown pretty convincingly that seeing smoking in movies is delivering kids to the tobacco industry," he says."So the movie industry has some responsibility here.The movie industry could do something that would eliminate smoking in youth-rated movies, they could rate smoking R (for restricted)." He notes that's what public health activists are trying to get filmmakers to do. And if they did that, it would eliminate 60 percent of growth of impressions the kids in his sample had seen.

Sargent notes that's that public health activists are trying to get filmmakers to do.He said that if Hollywood did that,it could eliminate 60 percent of impressions in his sample had seen.

Sargent's research was published in the most recent issue of the journal Pediatrics.

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1. It shows how ___ strong friendship can last through ___ worst possible times.

A. a¡­the B. a¡­a C. /¡­/ D. /¡­the

2. You may have noticed that you feel hungry, ______ you eat three meals a day at regular times.

A. as if B. but C. even when D. even

3. ¨CI have made a decision to spend my holiday at the beach.

¨C ______. I'm sure you'll have a good time.

A. Really? B. Sounds wonderful.

C. Let me see. D. Well done!

4. ¨CI'm not crazy. I really did see a UFO.

¨CWell, we'll ______ your story.

A. look into B. look through

C. look over D. look up

5. Make ______ a habit to put whole-grain biscuits, nuts or raisins in your backpack.

A. / B. this C. that D. it

EX2

1. ffice:smarttags" />Reading for information: What are the right steps to choose a university?

2. Filling the blanks with proper words

The right steps to university

WITH the last semester of high school drawing to a close, many students are thinking about ______ college or university they should apply for. The Sunday Times (Ó¢¹ú¡¶ÐÇÆÚÈÕÌ©ÎîÊ¿±¨¡·), one of the biggest newspapers in Britain, recently gave students some valuable advice. Follow the five steps below to find out where you should be applying!¡¡

Step 1: The cost of study

______[Rise] college fees make it easier for students to manage if they live at home while they study. For many, part of the appeal of going to college is the idea of the independence you will have. In this case, this option may not be all that attractive to you.

Step 2: Risk control

You may do better on the college entrance exam than you expect but end up at the average university you ______[apply] for. On the other hand, you may not get the result you hoped for and find yourself without a place at all. The solution (½â¾ö·½°¸)? You should apply for universities of different rankings. Don't put all your eggs in one basket.

Step 3: Big fish in a small pond?

Some want to be a small fish in a big pond, some do not. Do you want a great course at an only average (ÆÕͨµÄ) university, or an average course at a great university?

Some universities do not score highly in the overall rankings[×ÛºÏÅÅÃû], but have a few brilliant courses. So how do you decide whether to choose a course with a good reputation  ______ a renowned university? Put yourself in your future boss's position and you'll have a clearer view. Most employers (¹ÍÖ÷) take more notice of the overall rankings of the universities their employees (¹ÍÔ±) graduate  ______¡¡

Step 4: Go where you like

You should have narrowed your choices down quite a lot. Next you need to work out which of the available courses is going to suit you personally. You need to answer the question: "Will I have a good time if I go to this university?"

Step 5: Visit the university!

You wouldn't dream of buying a pair of shoes without trying them on. Higher education is a big investment of both money and time. You don't want to spend the next four years at a university you don't like do you? This is why, if distance allows, a brief visit is a good idea. Ask some of the students at the university  ______ they think of the place.

EX 3 reading comprehension

Do you blank out, freeze up or feel so nervous in exams that you have trouble writing answers to questions that you knew just the night before?

If so, you likely have a case of test anxiety.

But , don't panic. By recognizing the problem, you are taking the first step towards overcoming it.

Believe it or not, a touch of nervousness can sharpen your mind, allowing you to perform more quickly. This is because under stress, the body releases(ÊÍ·Å) the hormone adrenaline(ÉöÉÏÏÙËØ), which prepares it for something important that will happen. However, too much anxiety can result in sleeplessness, loss of appetite before tests, and poor performance. Some people might feel shaky, hot or even sick.

If you worry a lot or are a perfectionist, you are more likely to have trouble with test anxiety. Those who have prepared poorly for a test or have had negative experiences taking tests may also experience test anxiety.

When you feel a storm(·ç±©) of anxiety coming on, stop what you're doing and make your mind a blank. If possible, actually tell yourself to "STOP!" This will get your mind off the stress.

Then think of being at a place of comfort and let your body relax. As you continue the test, find questions you know the answers to and answer them first. This will help restore your confidence.

Talk to yourself using positive language. Make it a habit to replace each negative thought with a logical(ºÏÀíµÄ) reason. For example: "I've studied hard and I know the material, so I'm ready to do the best I can ."

Another thing you can do is to learn to accept mistakes. In fact, they can be valuable learning opportunities.

Last but not least, start test preparation early¨C-three to five days ahead of the quiz or test. After all, good study habits and skills ¡ªfor example, time management and note-taking¡ªwill give you the feeling that you are in control.

1. According to the text, people who ___ are more likely to have trouble with test anxiety.

A. worry a lot or are perfectionists

B. prepare poorly for a test

C. have failed in tests before

D. all of above

2. Which of the following is NOT the way to beat nerves according to the author?

A. Stop what you are doing and try to relax

B. Talk to your teacher or friends

C. make a full test preparation early

D. Learn to accept mistakes

3. From the text, we know it is not true that ___.

A. test anxiety makes you fail in working out the problems that are really difficult .

B. a little of test anxiety might be helpful to some students

C. some students can't sleep well before the test

D. some students failed in the test because of the anxiety.

4. The underlined phrase "a touch of " means __.

A. a lot of B. a kind of C. a bit of D. a sense of

5. What would be the best title for the text?

A. What is test anxiety B. Why we have test anxiety

C. How to beat nerves

D. Develop a positive attitude

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EX1

What Is Success?

  Success is being friendly when another needs a friend;

It's in the cheery words you speak, and in the coins you lend;

Success is not alone in skill and deeds of daring great;

It's in the roses that you plant beside your neighbor¡¯s gate.

Success is in the way you walk the paths of life each day;

It's in the little things you do and in the things you say;

Success is in the glad hello you give your fellow man;

It's in the laughter of your home and all the joys you plan.

Success is not in getting rich or rising high to fame;

It's not alone in winning goals which all men hope to claim;

It's in the man you are each day, through happiness or care;

It's in the cheery words you speak and in the smile you wear.

Success is being big of heart and clean and broad of mind;

It's being faithful to your friends, and to the stranger, kind;

It's in the children whom you love, and all they learn from you--

Success depends on character and everything you do.

EX2

A book which is still being discussed by many Americans today is Future Shock by Alvin Toffler. In this book the author describes the great  1.  (change) which have been made in family life  2.  of science and industry.

       In the past,  3.  more Americans lived on farms, the typical family  4.  (have)many children. In a farm family, parents and their children often lived  5.  grandparents. Often, two uncles and aunts lived nearby.  6.  when industry became  7.  (importance) than agriculture in American life, families became smaller. Industry requires workers who are ready and able to move off the land and to move again  8.  necessary. Large families cannot be moved from one place to place as smaller families can.

       Today, because of industrialization, a typical family will  9.  (require)to move even more often than now, so families will be even smaller. The typical family may remain childless and consist only of a man and a woman. A small number of families may raise children. These families may raise children as their chief occupation,  10.  (leave) the childless families free to move from job to job. Furthermore, these child-raising families may raise other people¡¯s children in addition to their own.

EX3

Tuition rockets in US

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CARLI McGoff, 19, could ffice:smarttags" />laceName w:st="on">have_______thelaceName> laceType w:st="on">UniversitylaceType> of Maryland directly from high school. Her parents decided to send her to laceName w:st="on">MontgomerylaceName> laceType w:st="on">CollegelaceType> so that she could live at home.

According to her parents' calculations (¼ÆËã), with their daughter _______[attend] a two-year community college they will save $26,000.¡¡With college fees skyrocketing, millions of just-above-average US families like the McGoffs are having to struggle to find ways to pay for their children's education.

"Ordinary (ÆÕͨµÄ) families want to send their kids to the best schools, no matter _______ the cost,'' says Garli McGoff. In the US, many families _______think of themselves as relatively (Ïà¶ÔµÄ) well-off are finding _______ difficult.

In the past 10 years, tuition (ѧ·Ñ), fees and dorm (ËÞÉá) costs have increased 31 percent at private four-year colleges and 42 percent at public four-year colleges, according to the American National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators. For example, the cost of living _______campus at a private university, such as Georgetown in Washington, is currently more than $180,000 over four years.¡¡

The parents of the McGoff family have three children in college and three more _______ will go in the future. The cost of their children's higher education is a heavy weight for them to bear. In order to save money, families are _______ to relatives for help. "It's a Chinese way of solving money problems. The wider family gets together to support the kids."

Other US families go another way. "One of my friends just gets his tuition from his parents. And it's more and more common for college students to live at home and apply for education loans," Garli said.¡¡

"Some former students are still paying for their college loans five years _______ graduation," says Robert Oshinsky, a government economist.

Oshinsky and his wife agree that they want to save as much as they can now, so that they can _______all the higher education expenses of their two children, a 4-year-old girl and a 20-month-old boy. Higher education is really an expensive investment (Ͷ×Ê), even for the American middle class.

EX4

It was on January 24 , 1848, that James Wilson Marshall discovered gold in the laceType w:st="on">territorylaceType> of laceName w:st="on">CalifornialaceName> . The news spread quickly . Thousands rushed west . By 1849 , the great gold was in full swing .

Towns and cities sprang up overnight . One year later , Califormia had enough people to be taken into the Union as a state . Throughout the territory , thousands searched for gold . Besides food and blankets , they had picks and pans .

Some found veins of mountain rock thick with gold . These men got rich .

Others "panned " for gold in the mountain streams . They were looking for the left-overs . They searched for chunks of gold that the rains had washed down from above .

Panning was the only way to find gold . One put dirt in a pan and added water . Then , the pan was swished around so that the water could wash the dirt . Slowly , the water was poured out of the pan . Each one hoped that the place he claimed(Ðû³Æ) "panned out well " , that is , turned up gold .

After the California gold rush the miners turned to farming and ranching (ÄÁÒµ) . Some left for the state of Colorado where gold also had been discovered . For many , gold mining did not "pan out " . For a few , it panned out well . But in time , huge machines were built that could wash many tons of dirt at a time . "Panning " died out .

The word , however , remained in the language . Today , Americans still say , "It panned out well ," when something they have done pleases them .

In recent years , "pan" has taken on another meaning . Today , it also means to criticize . How it got this meaning is hard to discover . But critics (ÅúÆÀ¼Ò) are always "panning "some writer , artist or singer .

Sometimes , critics may pan a movie or play so severely that no one will go to see it . This can also happen to a book , if critics pan it strongly enough . There have been times , however , when a play became highly successful , even though most of the critics panned it without mercy . The pans should have made the play a washout . But , as actors have point out , sometimes a critic's pan surprisingly turns up gold .

1. The whole passage is mainly about _____ .

A. different fortunes of the earliest gold miners

B. the gold rush in California

C. the word "pan" and is expressions

D. some expressions created during the gold rush

2. We can know from the articles that before the year 1849 _____ .

A. California was not a state of the Union

B. California had already had a large population

C. there were few towns and cities in California

D. there was not much gold left in California

3. What happened when the huge machine was built for the gold rush

A. The gold rush ended B. Many people turned to farming and ranching

C. People gave up the way of panning in time D. It became more difficult to find gold

71. The author intends to tell us in the last paragraph _______ .

A. a critic's pan can cause different results to a book or a play .

B. another meaning of the word "pan"

C. a critic's pan can make a book or a play an unexpected success

D. actors usually welcome a critic's pan

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THE SIGNIFICANCE OF FAILURE

Robert H. Schuller

¡¡Failure doesn¡¯t mean you are a failure, 

¡¡It does mean you haven¡¯t succeeded yet.

¡¡¡¡Failure doesn¡¯t mean you have accomplished nothing,

¡¡It does mean you have learned something.

Failure doesn¡¯t mean you have been a fool,

¡¡¡¡It does mean you had a lot of faith.

¡¡¡¡Failure doesn¡¯t mean you¡¯ve been disgraced,

¡¡¡¡It does mean you were willing to try.

¡¡Failure doesn¡¯t mean you don¡¯t have it,

¡¡¡¡It does mean you have to do something in a different way.

¡¡¡¡Failure doesn¡¯t mean you are inferior,

¡¡¡¡It does mean you are not perfect.

Failure doesn¡¯t mean you¡¯ve wasted your life,

It does mean you have a reason to start afresh.

¡¡Failure doesn¡¯t mean you should give up,

¡¡¡¡It does mean you must try harder.

¡¡¡¡Failure doesn¡¯t mean you¡¯ll never make it,

¡¡It does mean it will take a little longer.

¡¡¡¡Failure doesn¡¯t mean God has abandoned you,

¡¡¡¡It does mean God has a better idea.

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EX2

1.It is training ______he received at school ______made him settle the problem easily and quickly.

A. that; that B. which; which C. that; which D. when; that

2.At last, the chance the girl had always looked forward ______.

A. to come B. to coming C. came D. to came

3.The salesman scolded the boy caught ______ and let him off.

A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing

4.------Does anyone want an extra ***to go to the cinema

-------Whom would you rather ______with you, Tom or me

A. to go B. go C. have go D. have gone

EX3 

1 reading and listening for information: What are fueling the rise in applications

2 Filling the blanks

It's tougher now

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ON a Sunday morning, I interviewed my final Harvard applicant of the year. After saying goodbye to the girl, I thought the same thing I do after all these interviews: Another amazing kid who won't get in.





Over the last decade, I've done perhaps 40 of these interviews, which are conducted by alumni (УÓÑ) across the country.


No matter how glowing (Éú¶¯µÄ) my recommendations (ÍƼöÊé), in all this time only one kid got in.


Recent news articles make it sound _______ tragic (±¯²ÒµÄ). Several Ivies (³£ÇàÌÙ´óѧÁªÃË), including Harvard, rejected a record number of applicants this year.


Actually, meeting the soon-to-be rejected makes me hopeful about young people. They are far more accomplished than I was at their age.


What kind of kid doesn't get into Harvard? Well, there was the charming boy I interviewed with 1560 of 1600 SATs. He did cancer research in the summer; played two instruments in three orchestras (¹ÜÏÒÀÖ¶Ó); _______ composed (×÷Çú) his own music. He redid the computer system for his student paper, loved to cook and was writing his own cookbook.


_______ his age, when I got hungry, I made myself peanut butter and jam on white bread and got into Harvard.


There was the girl who, during summer vacation, left her house before 7 each morning to make a two-hour train ride to a major university, _______ she worked all day doing cutting-edge (Ç°ÑصÄ) research for NASA on weightlessness in mice.


When I was in high school, my science project was on plant tropism (ÏòÐÔ) ¡ª a shoebox with soil and bean sprouts (¶¹Ñ¿) bending toward the light.


Some kids take 10 AP (Advanced Placement, ´óѧԤÐ޿γÌ) courses and get top scores of 5 on all of them.


I took one AP course and scored 3.


I see these kids ¡ª and watch my own applying to college. They are far more _______than I was at their age and without a doubt will do superbly (³öÉ«µØ) wherever they go.





           By Michael Winerip, New York Times


Ivy League schools see more and more applicants





MANY Ivy League universities in the ffice:smarttags" />US drew record numbers of applicants and consequently admitted students at lower rates this year.





Several factors are fueling the rise in applications. One is population trends: The number of students graduating from high school has risen each year since the 1995-96 school year. The US Department of Education predicts that the_______ will continue until at least 2013.





Another is the growth in international students. Many US universities recruiters (ÕÐÉúÕß) went abroad for the first time this year, making trips to Shanghai and other Asian cities to promote their colleges.





The third is the growing use of the Common Application, a form that can be _______ online and sent to a number of admissions offices far more easily than paper-based applications. Some people file 10, 15 or even 20 applications with a few clicks of the mouse.

EX4

Long after the 2002 World Cup was won , disappointed fans were still angry at the questionable refereeing decisions that made their team lose the match . A researcher was sent to study the performance of some top referees (²ÃÅÐ).

The researcher organized experimental matches between four youth teams . Each match lasted an hour , divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge .

Observers noted down the referees' errors (ʧÎó), of which there were 61 over the matches . Compared to an ordinary match of 90 minutes , each referee made almost 23 mistakes , a remarkably high number .

The researcher then studied the videotapes to study the matches in detail . Surprisingly , he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident . When the officials did it right , they were , on average , 17 metres away from the action . The average distance in the case of errors was 12 metres . The research shows the proper distance is about 20 metres .

There also seemed to be a proper speed . Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 metres per second . The average speed for errors was 4 metres per second .

If FIFA , football's international ruling body , wants to improve the justice of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance , rather than rushing to keep up with the ball , the researcher argues .

Hw also says that FIFA's insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided . If keeping up with the action is not so important , their physical condition is of less importance .

1. The experiment carried out by the researcher was meant to _____ .

A. make new rules for football refereeing

B. reexamine the rules for football refereeing

C. study the causes of errors made by football referees

D. review the decisions of referees at the 2002 World Cup

2. The findings of the experiment show that _____ .

A. errors are less likely when a referee stays in one sport

B. the more slowly the referee runs , the more likely errors will happen .

C. the farther the referee is from the incident , the fewer the errors .

D. errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ball

3. The underlined word "officials" in the passage most probably refers to _______.

A. the researcher sent to study in the experiment

B. the referees of the experimented matches

C. the observers at the site of the experiment

D. the inspectors of the football matches

4. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment

A. Age is not the most important factor for a football referee

B. A football referee should be young and strong

C. The ideal retirement age for a football referee is 45

D. An experienced football referee can do well even if in poor health

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